Replacement fluids are intended to replace fluids lost from the body (such as through hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, etc) and often contain a sodium concentration near that of plasma (such as lactated Ringer's or 0.9% saline); these fluids result in excessive concentrations of sodium if given over prolonged periods of time (>24–72 hr) or for animals with free water loss; however, they are ideal resuscitation fluids for animals with sodium-rich fluid losses. Veterinary practice guidelines, rate and fluid composition required, and location the fluid is needed (interstitial versus intravascular). shock, hyperthermia or hypotension. Fluids during anesthesia y The decision about whether to provide fluids during anesthesia, and the type and volume used, depends on the • If a patient is in shock, generally a bolus of fluids will be given over a short period of time rather than increasing the fluid rate so that the fluid deficit is replaced more quickly. Ongoing losses: • Fluid rates must be adjusted according to the ongoing losses such as vomiting, diarrhoea, haemorrhage.